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![The energy levels and electronic properties that are accessible by direct and inverse photoemission techniques. Evac and EF refer to the vacuum and Fermi level, respectively. The energy levels and electronic properties that are accessible by direct and inverse photoemission techniques. Evac and EF refer to the vacuum and Fermi level, respectively.](https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/images/2019/10/29/fig1.png)
The energy levels and electronic properties that are accessible by direct and inverse photoemission techniques. Evac and EF refer to the vacuum and Fermi level, respectively.
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First-principles theoretical study of organic/metal interfaces: Vacuum level shifts and interface dipoles - ScienceDirect
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Fermi level, work function and vacuum level - Materials Horizons (RSC Publishing) DOI:10.1039/C5MH00160A
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![Energy level diagram showing levels in the CV + molecule vs the vacuum... | Download Scientific Diagram Energy level diagram showing levels in the CV + molecule vs the vacuum... | Download Scientific Diagram](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284841671/figure/fig3/AS:515371545227264@1499885559600/Energy-level-diagram-showing-levels-in-the-CV-molecule-vs-the-vacuum-level-and-the.png)
Energy level diagram showing levels in the CV + molecule vs the vacuum... | Download Scientific Diagram
a) Schematic diagram of band positions relative to the vacuum level and... | Download Scientific Diagram
![Bandgaps and band edge positions with respect to the vacuum level, as... | Download Scientific Diagram Bandgaps and band edge positions with respect to the vacuum level, as... | Download Scientific Diagram](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282706021/figure/fig5/AS:283711191961607@1444653427386/Bandgaps-and-band-edge-positions-with-respect-to-the-vacuum-level-as-calculated-with-the.png)